Yamashitas Tropic of Orange Essay - 2444 Words

Yamashitas Tropic of Orange This paper studies Yamashita’s Tropic of Orange as a magical realist text and examines the implications for such a style on the notion of the urban. Specifically, I will explore how Yamashita uses magical realism to collapse boundaries and socially transform Los Angeles into an embattled utopia for the disenfranchised. First, however, magical realism is a loaded term and some definitions are in order. In addition to important recent innovations in the form and its purposes, magical realism is in dialogue with a longer history of writing, including the epic, chivalric traditions, Greek pastoral, medieval dream visions, romantic traditions and Gothic fictions, all of which contribute a fantastic strain to†¦show more content†¦Magical realism also functions ideologically but†¦less hegemonically, for its program is not centralizing but eccentric: it creates space for interactions of diversity. In magical realist texts, ontological disruption serves the purpose of pol itical and cultural disruption: magic is often given as a cultural corrective, requiring readers to scrutinize accepted realistic conventions of causality, materiality, motivation. (3) This definition highlights the two dominant markers of the form: the use of fantasy and the counter-hegemonic disruption of cultural and social realities. Fantasy can imagine justice into the reality of an unjust world, which is why it has been so useful in postcolonial contexts and has interesting possibilities for metropolitan life. Yamashita’s novel fits squarely in this tradition, and I suggest she leverages the form to imaginatively transform Los Angeles from a plethora of racially, socially and economically distinct and, at times, antagonistic neighborhoods connected yet separated by freeways and bound within the borders of the U.S., to an embattled yet impossibly and transnationally interconnected utopian urbanity located literally on the freeway. Conventions of causality and materiality are regularly violated as the city physically and socially changes shape, congregating and collapsing distinct worlds, nations and cultures into one metropolis. Under the spell of magic al realism, Yamashita’s Los Angeles becomes aShow MoreRelatedKaren Tei Yamashitas Tropic of Orange Essay example2237 Words   |  9 Pagesdiscuss how all things came together in Larry’s life just as the critters all came together in the home in Mexico in the book â€Å"Tropic of Orange.† Many people made their way to the plot, just as many people were placed in Larry’s life, and this has played a major part in my life as well. The second section will be titled â€Å"Orange†. The orange in the book â€Å"Tropic of Orange† symbolized magic and dreams, so in this section of my paper I will discuss the great benefits of Larry’s decision to serve in VietnamRead MoreThe Tropic Of Orange By Karen Tei Yamashita1530 Words   |  7 PagesRunning Through the Six: Multiculturalism + Diversity in The Tropic of Orange Without a doubt, the cast assembled in Karen Tei Yamashita’s novel The Tropic of Orange is one of the most diverse in any novel I have ever read for a class. Unlike the typical fair of the â€Å"mostly white with a couple brown people sprinkled in† casts I normally see, Yamashita really takes it to the next level incorporating characters from almost all walks of life and several that boast many different nationalities. ItRead MoreEssay on The City of Los Angeles1470 Words   |  6 Pagespopulation of nine million reside in the city (US Census Bureau). Immigrants from all over the world move to Los Angeles because of the wide opportunities the city provides through the numerous schools and various employment occupations. In the novel Tropic of Orange by Karen Tei Yamashita we are introduce to Bobby Ngu’s and his story which subsidizes the reason to immigrate. Ngu from Singapore experienced some tough times back home with his family and his father tells him, â₠¬Å"you gotta have a future? BetterRead MoreIssues in Philippine Cinema5002 Words   |  21 Pagescourse of the battle Filipinos were forced to retreat and the Americans dominate the frame while Filipinos simultaneously exited the screen space. The setting was not in the Philippines at all as it was done in West Orange County in New Jersey with thick flora to represent the tropics of the Philippines. Filipinos were never casted in the film, instead Afro-Americans took the place of the Filipino revolutionaries, presuming that the Filipinos, whom they are subjugating, must look like the Afro-Americans

Orality and the Problem of Memory Essay examples - 1052 Words

Orality and the Problem of Memory A professor of mine once posed the question: â€Å"What do you truly know?† My obvious initial response was, â€Å"What do you mean, what do I know? Isn’t that why I’m here? To expand upon the wealth of knowledge that I already know?† After tossing the question around for a few days, I finally realized what she was getting at--knowledge equals experience, and experience promotes memory. In today’s culture of hypertext and cyberspace, the opportunities for experiential learning are becoming a thing of the past. The bard has been replaced by digital and virtual technology that effectively stores the information we need to know into a confined space, thus giving the modern literate a license to forget. The†¦show more content†¦In oral culture, everyone experiences the Iliad. The images and meters are constructed so that they become a part of the audience’s collective reality. The images contained within an epic represent large- scale visual aids. â€Å"Each epic consists of a sequence of scenes or situations that serve to map the action of the narrative† (25). These sequences are linked together to form patterns that serve as the foundation for memory. The relevance of the knowledge imparted through memory is dependent upon the various themes that arise in the bard’s tale. â€Å"Themes usually depict events, such as assemblies, journeys, and battles† (18). Situational relevance dictates how each person will experience the Iliad. Though the interpretations may be different, the experience is still translated into the collective consciousness. If oral culture commemorates the situation through experience (or experiential learning), how can print culture map an experience to commit it to memory? We moderns regard memory as a container filled with information, a notion strongly reinforced by the terminology of our computer culture, with its â€Å"hard drives,† â€Å"RAM,† and â€Å"databases.† This notion, however, originated long before computers, with the spread of literacy, for writing enables us to convey the same information, with the same truth value, to different people in different times and places. On this account, it fosters what we might call a â€Å"textual† model ofShow MoreRelated Pre-literacy and Modern Vestiges1250 Words   |  5 Pagesthought by some to be analogous to a modern day textbook lesson, in which students learn mathematics, grammar, and law, all by the written word. So is the contention of Homeric scholar Eric A. Havelock. As Hobart and Schiffman state in Orality and the Problem of Memory, Everywhere he looked in Homer, Havelock saw a wealth of instruction. For instance, the quarrel between Achilles and Agamemnon at the beginning of the Iliad embodies for him a wide range of subliminal Read MoreThe Mind And Page : Remedial Writers And Cognitive Reductionism By Mike Rose968 Words   |  4 Pagesreached Piaget’s Formal Operational Stage; however, Rose points out that we cannot assume that there is a connection between a student demonstrating formal-operational thoughts and the ability â€Å"to produce coherent, effective discourse† (346). The Orality-Literacy theory discusses how the introduction of literacy in a society affects the way a society thinks. There is a relationship between the modes of communication and the modes of thought. Rose claims that eliminating illiteracy would not affectRead More Samuel Taylor Coleridge Essay1981 Words   |  8 Pagesinability or reluctance to find a definable meaning for this poem began to disappear in the last two decades of the nineteenth century. Up until this time, patterns of meaning emerged, however, as meanings came to be, their very plurality became a problem. For some it symbolized a religious et hic poem; for others, it was a psychological, even autobiographical, study of guilt and terror on behalf of Coleridge’s life. Lastly, there were those individuals who felt that the poem was concerned with philosophyRead MoreA Survey Of Related Literature3008 Words   |  13 Pagesevidence and faith and proposes the use of inductive historical method rather than the â€Å"scientific† historical-critical method. Thus, he stated, â€Å"We must first appreciate the importance of the doctrine of the resurrection. We must make clear the problem of faith and history that so much colors the contemporary discussion. Then our primary aim is to try to explain the rise of the resurrection faith.† He also treats the Nature of the Gospels and the Witness of the Gospels. The Nature ofRead MoreEssay about The Mexican Tlaltelolco Massacre2491 Words   |  10 PagesWithin Elena Poniatowska’s body of work are a compilation of oral histories and photographs. Although Poniatowska’s work is different from the other two authors, they all share the same goal of displaying a search for truth, an importance of their memory, and insisting that the reader pay attention and always remember. I intend to display how the author uses a variety of techniques to represent and achieve the chronicler position. At the same time, I will attempt to answer the following questions:Read MoreDub Poetry in and from Jamaica9895 Words   |  40 Pagesof the people. At that time the slaves’ memory was sufficient to preserve cultural and historical information (cf. Habekost 1993b: 70). Today the dub poets develop their poems further along the lines of the traditional features of orality. But due to urbanisation and the rapid technological advance, the body of oral tradition is shrinking to a smaller repertoire and the mentioned traditional forms are transferred into more contemporary forms of orality, making use of technology and the increasingRead MoreKubla Khan Essay4320 Words   |  18 Pageswishes to avoid the extremes of the positions of Abrams and Schneider, nevertheless comes much closer in her conclusions to the latter than to the former. Opium, she argues, can only work On what is already there in a mans mind and memory, and, if he already has a creative imagination and a tendency to reverie, dreams and hypnologic visions, then opium may intensify and focus his perceptions. Her final verdict -- which can be no more than a hypothesis -- is that the actionRead MoreSupporting the Development of English Literacy in English Language Learner s22851 Words   |  92 Pagessecond-language reading. Fitzgerald (1999, p. 22) notes that â€Å"...these correlational studies do not provide support either for the position that English orality must precede English reading or vice versa.† She 5 maintains that findings are mixed, and the direction of the relationships has not been fully investigated. Furthermore, she cites evidence that orality and literacy can develop together (Fitzgerald Noblit, 1999). A recent study by Geva and Petrulis-Wright (1999) confirms the position that oral

Human Disease and Their Control Essay Example For Students

Human Disease and Their Control Essay follow up questions 1a) When people refer to pathogens, they are talking about bacteria that cause disease. 1b)The toxins actually excreted by the pathogens are the main cause of diseases although thetoxins are only by-products of the pathogens metabolism. 2a)In most cases, the toxins excreted by the pathogens find there way into the circulatory system. Thus, sometimes, the infection is caused somewhere else from where the toxins were excreted. An example of this would be Rheumatic fever. The toxins that caYet another example of where the disease is in a different location then where the toxin was released is Dipheria. The pathogen that causes Diptheria is usually located in the throat. As the toxin is released, it travels all the way to affect limb muscle2b) Examples of where the disease is at the site of the bacteria could be Tetanus and Tuberculosis. The tetanus bacteria releases a deadly toxin which can affect the whole body which causes paralyzation. As it affects the whole body, the disease would mos3a) In our environment, we encounter all sorts of micro-organisms. Sometimes these air-borne diseases are pathogens and could cause and make one sick. Examples of air-borne pathogens that cause diseases are the ones that cause whoopin g cough, scarlet feve3b) An example for this kind of transmission would be the kind of pathogens found in feces. Typhoid fever is one of the kinds of diseases that are transmitted through water as these pathogens are found in feces. The feces released would sooner or later fi4a) Besides transmitting disease through everyday drinking water and the air, another way of transmitting diseases are by contact. Chicken Pox and Small Pox are some of the many diseases that can be caused by contact. 4b) Veneral diseases like gonorrhea and syphilis can also be transmitted by contact. 5a) An example of a disease that can be transmitted if there is a wound would be our very familiar Tetanus. An example of how someone would acwuire tetanus from a wound would be like this:The construction worker moves around a lot and works very hard. Down on the floor is a tetanus infected nail. As the worker is too busy caring for his job, he accidently steps on the nail and gives the tetanus bacteria a chance to get into the body. The 6a) Immune carriers can be classified as those who have recovered from a certain disease and is immune to it, but still carries the pathogens. The immune carriers show no indecation of a disease with no symptoms, but this carrier can still trnasmit these 6b) One major disease carrier is the Anthropod. They pick up the pathogens in their food, where they walk and other places. As they carry the disease, they move to other places either for food or shelter purposes. When they bite or sting other organisms, 7) The skin is the main protector from pathoge ns. The first line of defense is the structure of the skin itself. It is almost impossible for pathogens to pass the skin layer. Those who do would go through the pores in our skin. The second line of defense 8a) Some cells that engulf pathogens are known as phagocytes. This is so because the phagocytes engulf the pathogens through a special process known as phagocytosis. An example of a phagocyte would be blood cells known as leucocytes. The whole job of thes8b) What many people refer to as Pus is actually the left overs of dead leucocytes and pathogens. 8c) Serious infections cause the swelling of the nymph nodes as there are too many dead leucocytes and pathogens to store for excretion from the body. .u13aa9c6a2094cd62c88425f94ced8520 , .u13aa9c6a2094cd62c88425f94ced8520 .postImageUrl , .u13aa9c6a2094cd62c88425f94ced8520 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u13aa9c6a2094cd62c88425f94ced8520 , .u13aa9c6a2094cd62c88425f94ced8520:hover , .u13aa9c6a2094cd62c88425f94ced8520:visited , .u13aa9c6a2094cd62c88425f94ced8520:active { border:0!important; } .u13aa9c6a2094cd62c88425f94ced8520 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u13aa9c6a2094cd62c88425f94ced8520 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u13aa9c6a2094cd62c88425f94ced8520:active , .u13aa9c6a2094cd62c88425f94ced8520:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u13aa9c6a2094cd62c88425f94ced8520 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u13aa9c6a2094cd62c88425f94ced8520 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u13aa9c6a2094cd62c88425f94ced8520 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u13aa9c6a2094cd62c88425f94ced8520 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u13aa9c6a2094cd62c88425f94ced8520:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u13aa9c6a2094cd62c88425f94ced8520 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u13aa9c6a2094cd62c88425f94ced8520 .u13aa9c6a2094cd62c88425f94ced8520-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u13aa9c6a2094cd62c88425f94ced8520:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Meliville Sophocles Discussion Essay9a) Antigens are foriegn proteins to the human body. In turn, these foreign proteins cause a reaction. Usually, the main cause of these foreign proteins would be toxins from pathogens or micro-organisms. 9b) When an antigen enters the body, a certain reaction occurs. When it has been found out that an antigen really is present, it causes the spleen and the lymph nodes to produce a substance known as antibody. This antibody is a specifically desgined aubst9c) An antitoxin is a kind of antibody. This kind of antobody is specifically used to go after toxins release by these pathogens. Once the antitoxin locates the toxin released by harmful pathogens, the antitoxin would go and destroy it. 10a) The general definition of an immunity is the ability for an organism to confront pathogens that can cause diseases. 10b) Immunity can be acquired by inheriting it. Inherited immunity is with you when you are born and is usually passed down to you by your mother. Another name for an inherited immunity is species immunity. This is sometimes true when the whole species 10c) The definition for acquired immunity is the immunity acquired in time when you recover from diseases and gain an antibody for that perticular disease. Acquired immunity could be with you when you are born. 11a) One of the main difference and the most important difference between active and passive immunity is that passive immunity is where the antibody is directly injected into the host causing immediate effect. Active immunity is where a small dosage of th11b) Naturally acquired active immunity is when you get infected from your environment and in time you recover from it and gain an immunity. Artificially acquired active immunity is when you get a vacine from a clinic or hospital where you develop your im11c) Natural acquired passive disease can be gained from your mother when you are born. Where the antibody is directly passed onto to you. An artificially acquired passive disease would be when the doctor gives you an injection of an antibody for immediat12a) A vaccine is a way to acquire artificial active immunity. It is usually dead pathogens or weakened pathogens. This dosage would not get you ill be just enough for you body to have reactions and make their own antibodies. 12b) A toxoid is a vaccine which consists of weakened toxins instead of the weakened or dead oathogens themselves. 12c) A serum is a substance used for artificial passove immunity. 13a) Antibiotics are something produced by an organism to prevent or slow down the growth of pathogens. 13b) Some commonly used antibiotics would be penicillin, erythromycin, streptomycin, neomycin, and terra mycin. 13c) The problem with antibiotics is that too much or over dosage would kill even the bacteria in our stomach and sooner or later, the pathogens would develop a strain which would not be affected by this antibiotic. Human Disease and Their Control

Unit TWO Music Lab Questions Essay Example For Students

Unit TWO Music Lab Questions Essay Music Appreciation Lab Questions This is the second lab assignment for the Fine Art Survey class. The link in blue has a set of questions beneath it. Open the link and watch the video. **Note that the link opens up a new browser window. Please answer the questions on this document and submit the work as one file attachment. This means you complete all work in one word processing document (e. G. , Microsoft Word) and attach the file using the dropped tool. The answers to the lab questions are worth 80 points. 80-74=A 73-68=8 67-60=C 59-54=D 53 or less = F Lab Questions Visit Divas and Superstars and watch the shows video. We will write a custom essay on Unit TWO Music Lab Questions specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now If you have trouble with the link, put this website into the address bar: http://video. PBS. Org/video/1300186085/ ) 1 . Who sang at the Grammas in Spanish in the late sass? What was the reaction? Risky Martin sang in Spanish at the Grammas. The crowd and people watching at home loved it. It was widely supported and accepted. 2. When did Latin music burst back on the scene? What song brought it back to the mainstream? What effect did it have? Latin music pursued back on the scene in 1984. Conga by Gloria Stefan the Miami Sound Machine brought back Latin music back to the mainstream. It defined Latin pop music by mixing a Latin beat with English words. 3. How did the sounds of salsa change? The sounds of salsa changed because it was starting to be fused with pop, RB, etc. , so that more people could understand it. 4. What was the influence of CBS Latin division on the explosion of Latin music in the US? CBS Latin division supported and sponsored Latin music and helped it in its growth across America. 5. Who were some of the artists who brought together Latin influenced music with mainstream pop music? Jenifer Lopez, Marc Anthony, Risky Martin, and Gloria Stefan the Miami Sound Machine were some of the artists that brought together Latin influenced music with the mainstream pop music. 6. Why did the Latin music influence decrease? The Latin music influence decreased people started becoming more modernized and less people could understand the music. 7. What was Regnant? Regnant was a mixture of the Jamaican Deem Bow beat mixed with Puerco Rican and Latin beats. 8. What other types of music are being influenced by Latin music? Hip-Hop, rap, pop, and rock are all types of music being influenced by Latin music. Unit TWO Music Lab Questions By Kandahar

The Truth About America Professor Ramos Blog

The Truth About America This is America a phrase often use to describe negative feelings depicted upon ordinary situations or to illustrate the chaos from the divided nation we currently live in. Childish Gambino released the â€Å"This is America† music video on May 5th, 2018 that sparked controversy and shock of reality for viewers. Lyrics alone will not fully illustrate Gambino’s impacted message to viewers; the video evokes sympathy and awareness of how vulnerable Americans are to joy and destruction alike. Childish Gambino utilizes his fame to create an erratic performance to demonstrate how Americans are blinded to the despicable truth of America. The music video outlines the themes of the power of pop culture and gun control through tactics and references to traumatic events to strike an emotional response from viewers. In the opening of the music video, Gambino presents a juxtaposition between sweet melodies and gun violence; a man is in a chair playing a guitar of African melodies while Gambino switches between religious dances. The first turning point of the video begins when Gambino shoots the same man, who is now tied up, in the back of the head. When the lyrics stated â€Å"dance and shake the frame†, the tone is now shifted to a dark and aggressive tone as Gambino begins to alter his facial expressions and dance moves after leaving the scene. Dance moves are influenced by African American religious dances, distracting viewers from the chaos that begins to emerge in the background. (Berman). Another reference to gun violence is portrayed by the choir singing melodies just before Gambino grabs a shotgun and murder s them all; the scene alludes to the recent mass shooting in Charleston, where nine African Americans were killed during a service in church. Once again, Gambino is able to walk freely from the scene to continue his dancing and shifting facial expressions. The power of pop culture is revealed in both scenes when Gambino shifts the viewers’ attention away from the chaos in the background with him dancing with school children to portray a mockery of media and illustrate them as uncaring. Scenes may be pertained as uncomfortable in order to express Gambino’s message upon America’s current situation with gun violence. Two powerful scenes allude to history and religion to be presented as logic to enhance a much more powerful performance by Gambino. In the first scene were Gambino shoots the innocent man, the stance chosen by Gambino while holding the gun embodies an eerie resemblance to the famous caricature, Jim Crow (Gajanan). The Jim Crow character was created by Thomas Dartmouth Rice, as a mockery and degradation of African Americans (Pilgrim). It was based upon slave stereotypes as a public theater show that become popular and adopted as a term for segregation. The reference may also suggest America is going in reverse and repeating the unfair treatment similar to the past. In middle of the video, a dark dressed man is riding upon a bright white horse from one end to another. The reference is to a biblical verse of the apocalypse stating â€Å" and behind a pale horse; and his name that sat on him was Death, and Hell followed with him†(Ferber). The hell being the chaos and destruction h appening in our everyday surroundings from the actions of politics or racism. Gambino wanted to provide a godly symbol to strengthen his message of an urge for a fixture in America. Each symbol cuts deeply to beliefs as background information to exploit that America has not made effort to become a more positive environment. Gambino carefully chosen every item to represent bias and assumptions among different viewpoints of Americans. Gambino strictly wore only gold chains, pants and shoes for the video with no change whatsoever. The gold chains represent Americans in the consumerist culture they currently live in today (Ferber). Today’s society relies heavily on materialistic items to represent ourselves as a whole. The one article of clothing Gambino chose to wear oddly embodies Confederate soldiers’ pants (Berman). In   1865, Confederate soldiers were in war to stop the enslavement of African Americans but ultimately lost. The pants represent recent controversial actions of Americans’ claims of traces of slavery as well as the removal of historical monuments. Between each shooting contained similarities to represent the assumptions of Republicans’ point of view on gun control. After Gambino used the weapon, each time the gun was obtained with red cloth, red for Republican Party, in a gentle manner to present guns as more valuable than the lives lost. The issue remains today as gun control is still protested against while more mass shootings continue to occur. All factors of the objects illustrate the society that is lived in today. The lyrics further emphasize the mockery and stereotypes of how individuals react when chaos or madness erupts across America. Gambino calls out the children witnessing the destruction by singing, â€Å"that’s a celly, that’s a tool†. The statement was made to point out the frequent nature of individuals filming every injustice rather than call for help. Cell Phones are the â€Å"tools† to provide evidence on any mishap occurring in the world. The song states â€Å"So fitted, I’m on gucci, I’m so pretty† to illustrate how individuals are drawn to expensive goods as a way to define our beauty. It is an commodification on pop culture and African American culture of their stereotypes (Ferber). The last scenes of the video allows viewers to witness Gambino using marijuana; first it is a peaceful atmosphere around old cars while the melody sings â€Å"Get yo money, black man!†. The lyrics indicate another stereotype on black man cult ure with the involvement of drugs as their only way of personal income. The scene also depicts what is the common felony committed by black men rather than murder. The video begins in end with fear and terror as Gambino runs away from what appears as a group of caucasians. The lyrics narrate the stereotypical images depicted upon Black men with â€Å"You just a black man in this world, you just a barcode†. The theme running through the ending is the run from innocence, for marijuana use was deemed heavy enough to convict Gambino, despite his murders. Each scene provokes stereotypes as well as fear for the consequences of Gambino’s actions depicted in the video. America is in a period of time of disconnect, as the nation is divided for the first time in decades. Gambino desired to present modern day political issues to establish the reality that America needs help to be fixed together to bring peace; instead, Gambino pointed out the flaws of the   nation’s currently corrupted system. With the factors of ethos, logos, symbols and lyrics, Gambino was able to project a powerful message in the matter of four minutes, long enough to shock the world and question the reality of important political issues. Annotated Bibliography: Berman, Judy. â€Å"This Is America: 8 Things to Read About Childish Gambinos New Music Video.† The New York Times, The New York Times, 8 May 2018, www.nytimes.com/2018/05/08/arts/music/childish-gambino-this-is-america-roundup.html. The article is about the microscopic analysis of the Childish Gambino’s music video â€Å"This Is America†. It provides a closer look at symbols overlooked or not fully understood to represent the chaos occurring in America right now.   The New York Times published this with multiple references to establish credibility. I will use the article point out ethos, logos, and pathos appeals used for the music video. Cornish, Audie, and Monika Evstatieva. â€Å"Donald Glovers This Is America Holds Ugly Truths To Be Self-Evident.† NPR, National Public Radio, 7 May 2018, www.npr.org/2018/05/07/609150167/donald-glovers-this-is-america-holds-ugly-truths-to-be-self-evident. The article establishes are current situation in the divided nation we call America. Present issues such as gun control and references to mass shootings help Gambino develop as richer message to present the â€Å"ugly truth† about America. National Public Radio is more of an expertise in terms of the music industries.   I will use the article point out ethos, logos, and pathos appeals used for the music video. Ferber, Taylor. â€Å"11 Hidden Details In ‘This Is America’ That Fans On Twitter Cant Stop Talking About.† Bustle, Bustle, 8 May 2018, www.bustle.com/p/11-hidden-details-in-this-is-america-that-fans-on-twitter-cant-stop-talking-about-9010002. The article establishes the pathos appeal demonstrated in the music video to attract viewers to repeatedly watch the music video in order to interpret the main message. Hidden symbols are exposed throughout the music video, creating a deeper meaning behind it rather than a simple song. Bustle used references to credit the symbols used throughout the video. The article will help establish my logos appeal. Gajanan, Mahita. â€Å"Childish Gambinos This Is America: Breaking Down Symbols.† Time, Time, 7 May 2018, time.com/5267890/childish-gambino-this-is-america-meaning/. The article digs into the central message about the gun and violence issue that is growing in America. The article establishes that every scene and objects used in the music video are all significant to developing Gambino’s message. Time magazine has had experts construct each component to further explain the meaning behind every symbol used in the video. I will use the article to establish the three appeals as well as tie it back to modern day issues. Johnson, Tre. â€Å"Donald Glovers This Is America Is a Nightmare We Cant Look Away From.† Rolling Stone, Rolling Stone, 8 May 2018, www.rollingstone.com/donald-glover-childish-gambino-this-is-america-video-visual-w519895. The article establishes that Gambino’s music video is suppose to raise our attention to the fact that modern day in America is being depicted in the video. From references to mass shootings to marijuana control, shows behind ideals that America stands on today. Rolling Stone is a magazine that examines closely into pop culture overall. I will use the article to establish ties to modern day issues and why Gambino presented this powerful music video. Pilgrim, David. â€Å"Who Was Jim Crow?† Are Negros Closer to Apes Than to Humans? Letters to the Jim Crow Museum Jim Crow Museum Ferris State University, Ferris State University, Sept. 2012, ferris.edu/news/jimcrow/who/. The article highlights historical times of African American past of segregation and belittlement. It establishes background and context behind the figurative and literal meaning behind the title of â€Å"Jim Crow†. The publisher is a state university that has references from historians that depict the important evidence from the past to support the statement. I plan to use the article to provide a deeper meaning behind one of the symbols used in the music video.

Tricky Cases of Subject-Verb Agreement

Tricky Cases of Subject-Verb Agreement In the present tense, a verb must agree in number with its subject. Thats the basic principle of subject-verb agreement. Its a simple enough rule, but on certain occasions even experienced writers can slip up on it. Lets have a look at three of the trickier cases of subject-verb agreement: Making subject and verb agree when words come between themReaching agreement when the subject is an indefinite pronounMaking the verbs have, do, and be agree with their subjects CASE #1: Making Subject and Verb Agree When Words Come Between Them In determining subject-verb agreement, dont let yourself be confused by words that come between the subject and the verb. Lets compare these two sentences: This box belongs in the attic.This box of ornaments belongs in the attic. In both sentences, the verb belongs agrees with its subject, box. Dont let the prepositional phrase in the second sentence fool you into thinking that ornaments is the subject. Its  simply the object of the preposition of and does not affect the agreement of subject and verb. Prepositional phrases (as well as adjective clauses, appositives, and participle phrases) often come between a subject and a verb. So to make sure that a verb agrees with its subject and not with a word in the phrase or clause, mentally cross out the interrupting group of words: One (of my sisters friends) is a pilot.The people (who survived the explosion) are in a shelter.A man (chasing unicorns) is on the terrace. Remember, then, that the subject is not always the noun closest to the verb. Rather, the subject is the noun (or pronoun) that names what the sentence is about, and it may be separated by several words from the verb. CASE #2: Reaching Agreement When the Subject Is an Indefinite Pronoun Remember to add an -s to the end of the verb in the present tense if the subject is one of the indefinite pronouns listed below: one (anyone, everyone, no one, someone)anybody (everybody, somebody, nobody)anything (everything, something, nothing)each, either, neither As a general rule, treat these words as third-person singular pronouns (he, she, it). In the following sentences, each subject is an indefinite pronoun and each verb ends in -s: Nobody claims to be perfect.Everybody plays the fool sometimes.Each of the divers has an oxygen tank. In that last sentence, note that has agrees with the subject each, not with divers (the object of the preposition). CASE #3: Making Have, Do, and Be Agree With Their Subjects Although all verbs follow the same principle of agreement, certain verbs seem to be a little more troublesome than others. In particular, many agreement errors result from the misuse of the common verbs have, do, and be. We need to remember that the verb have appears as has if the subject is a singular noun or a third-person singular pronoun (he, she, it): Dana Barrett has ghosts in her bedroom. If the subject is a plural noun or the pronoun I, you, we, or they, use have: The Ghostbusters have a new client. In a nutshell, She has, but They have. Similarly, the verb do appears as does if the subject is a singular noun or, once again, a third-person singular pronoun (he, she, it): Gus does the housework. If the subject is a plural noun or the pronoun I, you, we, or they, use do: Gus and Martha  do the chores together. Are you beginning to see a pattern here? Then lets mix it up just a little bit. The verb be has three forms in the present tense: is, am, are. Use is if the subject is a singular noun or a third-person singular pronoun (he, she, it): Dr. Venkman is unhappy. Use am if the subject is the first-person singular pronoun (I): I am not the person you think I am. Finally, if the subject is a plural noun or the pronoun you, we, or they, use are: The fans are in the stands, and we are ready to play. Now, lets take one more look at these three verbs- -but from a different angle. Sometimes a subject may follow (rather than precede) a form of the verb have, do, and be. As shown in the sentences below, this reversal of the usual order occurs in questions that require a helping verb: Where has Egon parked the car?What do you do in your free time?Are we having a test today? In all of these sentences, the present forms of have, do, and be serve as helping verbs  and appear in front of their subjects. Another case in which a form of the verb be comes before the subject is in sentences beginning with the words there or here: There is a unicorn in the garden.Here are the photocopies. Just keep in mind that no matter where a verb appears in a sentence, it must still agree with its subject.

Monarch PLC Airlines Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Monarch PLC Airlines - Essay Example Monarch Airline operates in an environment that has appreciated the advantages of technology, innovation, and rapid changes in their trading environment (Doganis 2006). Its customers have diverse interests and satisfaction levels hence serving as the main drive for change. In addition, the airline faces a lot of competition from other airlines operating within the same locality and destinations. With such a diverse and demanding environment, the airline has had to make major improvements to continue meeting the market demands. For example, to continue meeting the high demands on bookings by customers, the organization had to change from making bookings over the internet to using open skies by Navitaire. This has seen the company grow to handle large systems of operations within small timelines. It has also favored the company in protecting its information while changing swiftly to the ever-changing demands in the airline market. The survival of any business depended on how the manage ment will handle the risks since they are inevitable but manageable. Challenges and opportunities keep on changing making it hard for any company to operate in a highly competitive area. Therefore, for any business to grow, risk taking is a practice to embrace (Flouris & Yilmaz 2011). Monarch airline is not exempted in this and thus has had to face many risks. Overcoming and managing the risks has seen the company grow to where it is today. Managing risks involve balancing between rewards and losses. It entails minimizing bad outcomes and enhancing good outcomes (Thomas 2002). It comes with a preparedness to handle any misfortunes that will take place in the cause of operation. It has been proved that everybody would play on the safe side of life. This provides a shield against unplanned events that endanger the running of a company or any part in the society (Flouris & Yilmaz 2011). However, some risks are inevitable and uncertain to happen. When they happen, it is only prudent to learn how to cope with them. Uncertainties and ignorance stands as major challenges in coping with the situations. Through the authorities, the balancing act should be approached from an open point of view that will accommodate all parties involved. Risk management in any organization is perceived to be the responsibility of specific individuals. However, this should not be true since every human being by nature is a risk manger. Every person by nature is responsible to handle the nature of risk created by his or her behavior (Douglas & Wildavsky 1983). The only thing that the authority can do is to ensure that every individual within the operations of the organization are well informed of the risks involved and the possible ways out of the risks. In every organization, risk experts and safety regulators stands out as very important part in the daily running of the institution. They identify risk issues early before everybody else does that (Thomas 2002). Risk authorities estimate t he magnitude of risk and therefore advise the parties involved accordingly. However, there has been cases where many people insist in taking much risk than can be handled (Douglas & Wildavsky 1983). One could be because of ignorance and two could be lack of knowledge on how much such risks could cost the organization. Risk is

Competitiveness in the International Electronics Industry Essay

Competitiveness in the International Electronics Industry - Essay Example The author Morri tells us that though the electronic industry is fairly small in the Dominican Republic by global standards, it employs however about 10,000 workers and contributes to about 5 percent of total Dominican exports (8). He further states that the electronic industry is by far the most important industry for a small economy (8). But in order to increase the competition in the electronic industry, the manufacturers in the electronic industry must learn to work together with the public sector to increase the competition position of the industry (Morri 9). The Dominican Republic has to meet the challenges of the public demands in order to ensure their competition in the electronics industry. The number of workers employed tells us how much is going into the export part of the trade. In order to accomplish competitiveness in the electronic industry, certain factors must be adhered to such as the "improvement in the quality and the cost of the electricity supply. Assistance with both local and international supply sourcing issues including possible common import purchasing and horizontal integration for inputs such as fabricated metals and moldings. In addition, the encouragement of domestic and foreign investment in critical local suppliers in such areas such as sheet metal fabrication, printed circuit boards, transformers, and general electronic component distribution (Morri 9)." In Latin America, there is extensive foreign investment in the sector by companies such as Verizon, Tricom, Centennial and Cable and Wireless and the cost of a T1 which is a high speed internet is the lowest priced in the whole of Latin America (Morri 16). On the other hand, "Guatemala, Honduras and Nicaragua have competitively low labor rates per hour, but they are not currently considered a competitive threat to the Dominican Republic because all three countries lack a secure environment (Morri 24)." In the above scenario, foreign investment in the Latin American companies makes it possible to guarantee low prices on certain commodities and labor being cheap makes it not a very feasible environment and so lacks the basis for a competitive environment. Another country that is ideal to examine would be the Chinese and Mexican market in relations to the US market. These two countries supply a lot of their goods to the US markets. According to Morri (9), China and Mexico supply a lot of their electronics to the US markets. In doing so, the global supply chain from the US to Asia threatens competition including low levels of linkages existing between the electronic manufacturers and the lack of industry expertise in the policy making and FDI promotion framework (Morri 10). The US markets are highly dependent on countries such as Mexico and China to provide a steady supply of electronic goods. Another important factor in increasing competition in the electronic industry is to : "create a one-stop-shop to streamline red tape. Increase image of electronics and the electrical industry locally. Also, employ or train electronic industry experts in policy and FDI promotion. In addition, build electronic industry support infrastructure for industry investors including offering investors full pre-, during- and post investment services and support. It would also help to decrease exit as well as entry barriers to increase investor confidence (Morri

Nortel Case Report Essay Example for Free

Nortel Case Report Essay The company also used to be affiliated with ATamp;T/Western Electric until Western was forced to sell its stake in 1949. In 1976, the company changed its name from Northern Electric to Northern Telecom Limited, and shifted its concentration on digital technology. In 1977, Nortel introduced its DMS line of digital central office telephone switches. Nortel ended its long relationship with ATamp;T in 1984, a year after deregulation named. Bell Canada Enterprises the parent company to Northern Telecom. In 1998, the company acquired Bay Networks and changed its name to Nortel Networks. In the late 90’s, Nortel’s sales of fiber optic network gear was predicted to help their sales, but the market became saturated very quickly. At the height of Nortel’s first 100 years the company amassed for more than a third of the total valuation of all companies listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange (TSX), but once the Internet bubble passed, the company fell into ethical debacle. Nortel Networks Corporation, or formally known as Northern Telecom Limited was one of the largest telecommunications equipment companies in the world prior to its filing for bankruptcy protection on January 14th, 2009. During times of functionality, they specialized in multinational telecommunications equipment manufacturing. The company is based in Canada out of Mississiauga, Ontario, Canada. Their biggest rival always was Global System Mobile (GSM). Through the early 1990s, the company invested heavily in Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) in attempt to grow in European and Asian markets. This did not pan out so well as Nortel’s losses amounted to $27. 3 billion by 2001—causing them to lay off two-thirds of the workforce. From 2000 through 2003 there was a period of fiscal irresponsibility resulting from the work of the company’s administrators. Initially in 2000, they falsified their fourth-quarter earnings by $1 billion to meet market expectations and selectively reversing certain revenue entries. In 2002, administrators discovered $300 million in excess reserves being carried over and swept it under the rug for future benefit in addition to establishing another $151 million in unnecessary reserves. In 2003, administrators directed the release of at least $490 million of excess reserves to boost earning, fabricate profits, and pay bonuses. Losses turned to profits during this year thanks to the shifty methods taking place. Later in that year, administrators mislead investors as to why Nortel was conducting a purportedly â€Å"comprehensive review† of its assets—attributed by restatement $948 million in liabilities. They said restatement was caused solely by internal control mistakes instead of the truth that there was intentional improper handling of reserves which needed to remain hidden. 2 On October 23rd, 2003, the company announced that Nortel would restate its financials for fiscal years 2000, 2001, and 2002. Shortly after this restatement, the major players of Nortel’s administration that were responsible for all of this were exposed through an independent investigation. In March 2004, The CFO and controller were suspended, in addition to the announcement of further restatements and revisions; they were terminated a month later in April 2004. A restatement in early 2005 showed approximately $3. 4 billion in misstated revenues and another $746 in liabilities. In late 2005, Nortel admitted that restatements were the result of management fraud—beginning the downturn of their stock. The company ended up restating financials four times over four years, replacing senior management, and instituting a comprehensives remediation program designed to ensure proper accounting and reporting practices. Eventually on October 15th, 2007, Nortel agreed to settle by paying a $35 million civil penalty and admitting to violations of the antifraud, reporting, books and records, and internal control provisions of the federal securities laws. 2 On June 25th, 2009, Nortel’s price dropped to 18. 5 cents a share down from a high of $124. 0 in 2000. The company decided that month that they would discontinue operations and sell off all of its business units. Nortel’s CDMA wireless business and LTE access technology were sold to Ericsson, and Avaya purchased Nortels Enterprise business unit. Major Players in the Scandal: The major players in this scandal were the four members of the senior management: CEO Frank Dunn, CFO Douglas Beatty, controller Michael Gollogly, and ass istant controller Maryanne Pahapill. CEO Frank Dunn, who is also a certified management accountant. Dunn was mainly involved in the improper use of reserves from 2000 to 2003. CFO Douglas Beatty, controller Michael Gollogly, and assistant controller Maryanne Pahapill were also involved in this management fraud. 2 The Royal Canadian Mounted Police in Toronto arrested ex-CEO Frank Dunn, ex-CFO Douglas Beatty, and former corporate controller Michael Gollogly on seven counts of fraud. Including charges â€Å"fraud affecting public market; falsification of books and documents; false prospectus, pertaining to allegations of criminal activity within Nortel Networks during 2002 and 2003. Magnitude of the financial issue: Nortel at its peak was one of the best companies that Canada had ever seen. Just like ENRON and other financial frauds at the time, Nortel appeared to be a shining example of success in the corporate world. Again like ENRON, Nortel grew through a strategy of aggressive expansion and purchasing of smaller companies in order to create a massive conglomerate. During the good times Nortel was the largest technology company and the most valuable company in Canada. Nortel accounted for over one third of the entire aluation of the Toronto Stock Exchange. The Toronto Stock Exchange is the Canadian equivalent of the New York Stock Exchange and holds the most influential stock market in Canada. Nortel employed about 95,000 employees worldwide. About 26,000 of those workers based in Canada alone. Nortel at one point had a market capitalization of almost C$400 billion. Nortel had set up pensions and healthcare protection for its employees. All of these were lost to either the restructuring under Frank Dunne which left about 60,000 employees without jobs or the bankruptcy that followed in 2009. Canadian government officials and regulators identified how destructive a full failure of Nortel would be on the Canadian economy. The Canadian government through the Export Development Canada project tried to lend money to the falling giant. However the Canadian government could not cover all of Nortel’s debt obligations. Nortel owed about $107 million and the EDC (Export Development Canada) could only supply about $30 million in short term loans. This $107 million interest payment accounted for about 4% of Nortel’s cash and put the company into bankruptcy. The world financial crisis of 2008 had put too much strain on Nortel and they were forced to begin liquidation. Public auditor: The auditors involved with this case were Deloitte and Touche. In documents from the fraud case, which is still being heard by the Royal court in Canada, Deloitte claims that they were not given proper documentation by Nortel. Deloitte claims that they did not have pertinent information which should have been provided by administrators at Nortel. Deloitte raised concerns to the audit board of Nortel in 2003 when Nortel turned a profit after Frank Dunne’s restructuring of the company. Deloitte raised awareness of potential fraud and did their duty in that respect. However further investigation conducted has implicated Deloitte in the financial reporting irregularities in Nortel which some have claimed dates back to the time of CEO Roth who held office before Dunne. Information coming out of the case states that even if transactions were deemed suspicious, they still signed off on the verity of the financial reports. Frank Dunne and some of his officers are now charged with fraud by both the SEC and the OSC which regulate the American and Canadian markets respectively. The case is currently still under review in the Royal court of Canada and civil charges have been brought in the United States. Fraud Triangle Nortel had experienced tremendous growth throughout the 1990s, allowing it to expand operations worldwide. Nortel’s expansion came during the telecommunication and technology bubble of the 1990s that inflated stock prices of companies in those sectors. Frank Dunn had taken over for the previous CEO, John Roth, in November 2001 during the telecommunication bubble bust. Dunn felt pressured to maintain the high stock price because it accounted for over one third of Nortel’s value2. Nortel management was also incentivized to post profits that produced executive bonuses with over $7. 8million going to Dunn alone. The primary members of the Nortel fraud were able to commit the fraud because, as executive officers and controllers, they were able to go around the internal controls of the company. That allowed them to implement many accounting practices that did not comply with GAAP. Nortel management’s rationalization for these fraudulent practices must have been that they needed to maintain the high stock price in order for the company to continue operating. Moral Breach and Ethical Issues As a publicly traded company, Nortel had the responsibility of fairly reporting the company’s true financial data to stockholders and potential investors. Dunn, Beatty, Gollogly and Pahapill breached this responsibility by establishing earnings management accounting strategies to manipulate Nortel’s revenues. Nortel management also actively sought to inflate earnings to trigger very large bonuses for key members of management. Perhaps, if these incentives did not exist then there would be less motivation to commit the fraud. Finally, Nortel’s auditor for over a century, Deloitte and Touche, has come under scrutiny by the defense lawyers in Dunn, Gollogly and Beatty’s civil trial in Canada this year. The defense claims that Deloitte approved of all major accounting adjustments that Dunn and his team had engaged in. Summary of Legal Actions On April 28th, 2004, Dunn and his fraud partners were fired for financial mismanagement2. On March 12th, 2007 the SEC filed civil charges against Dunn, Beatty, Gollogly and Pahapill for repeatedly engaging in accounting fraud to bridge gaps between Nortel’s true performance, its internal targets, and market expectations. Dunn and Beatty were charged with violating the officer certification agreement that was established by the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. Nortel settled with SEC on October 15, 2007 by consenting to be prescribed from violating the antifraud, reporting, books and records, and internal control provisions of the federal securities laws. Nortel paid $35million to the SEC, and $1million to the Ontario Securities Commission to establish a Fair Fund for affected shareholders. Finally, Canadian authorities arrested and charge Dunn, Beatty and Gollogly with seven counts of fraud. Their trial began on January 16th, 2012. Current Status: Nortel, once known as the largest telecommunications manufacturer in the world, filed for bankruptcy in 2009. Now three years later, the period of bankruptcy continues as the company discloses their every operating report highlighting each cash receipt and disbursement. When Nortel went bankrupt, executives believed that selling all business assets would be the best and easiest way to fight debt. Recently, Nortel has netted $7. 7 billion from selling its patents and businesses. As stated on their website, â€Å"Nortel remains focused on maximizing value for its stakeholders, including the sale of its remaining assets, resolution of claims, the wind-down of its global operations and entities, resolution of allocation matters with respect to the sale proceeds, and other significant restructuring activities toward the conclusion of the creditor protection proceedings. † The case for Nortel executives Dunn (ex CEO), Beatty (ex CFO) and Gollogy (ex controller), who were charged with fraud for affecting the public market and falsifying books and documents to earn larger bonuses, is still in trial. In February, a former Vice President of Nortel testified in court against executives stating that they had asked him to use questionable accounting methods to manipulate the company’s earnings. Although those who committed the crime have been charged, thousands of employees will still be left without pension plans and jobs. Nortel has spent over $20 million on retirement package these past two year, but unfortunately the company will stop the pension plan and disability program payments as it continues to sell away its businesses. By the end of 2011, Nortel was split into regional entities – Nortel Networks Limited in Canada and Nortel Networks Inc in the United States, causing disagreements over how to split $7. 5 billion that was earned by selling many assets and patents other corporations such as Apple and Microsoft Corp. The following charts, graphs and financial statements analyze Nortel’s current status. Case Study Questions and Solutions: 1. Dunn is a certified management accountant. Based on the facts of the case, which provisions of the IMA’s Statement of Ethical Professional Practice that was discussed in chapter 1 have been violated? Dunn violates many of the provisions of the IMA’s statement of Ethical Professional Practice they are as follows: 1. Perform professional duties in accordance with law, regulations and technical standards. 2. Provide decision information that is accurate, clear, concise and timely 3. Retain from engaging in any conduct that would prejudice carrying out any duties ethically. 4. Abstain from engaging in or supporting any activity that might discredit the profession. 5. Communicate information fairly and objectively. 6. Disclose all relevant information, that could reasonably be expected to influence an intended users understanding of the reports analyses or recommendations. 7. Disclose delays or deficiencies in information timeliness processing or internal controls in conformance with organization policy and/or applicable law. He violated these by selective reversal of revenue entries in 2000. Followed by concealing the reserves in 2002, which violated GAAP, and then avoided posting a profit so the company wouldn’t have to pay out bonuses. In 2003 Dunn released the reserves to falsely report a profit, which allowed them to eports a profit a quarter earlier than expected, and to pay out more bonuses to senior management. Also in 2003 he misled the investors about why Nortel had restated its financials in order to avoid uncovering the unethical management techniques him and his team had been using. All of these actions take away Dunn’s integrity and credibility in the field of manageria l accounting, which are two of the standards the IMA sets out. Dunn failed to meet his professional code of conduct and his company suffered because of it. 2. What are the responsibilities of an auditor to detect fraud? How were those responsibilities compromised by the actions of Nortel’s management? It is the auditors responsibility to report fraud if they find it, however in this case the actions of Nortel’s management made it difficult for the auditors to do their job. The false financial statements and hiding of money veiled the problems of the company from the auditors. Once there was a hint of the fraud the auditors found it and perused the trail, taking the ethical route and also following the code of conduct. It was their investigation that brought down the fraudulent executives and forced the company to restate its financials properly. This would eventually lead to the failure of Nortel. Nortel made materially false and misleading statements and omissions in connection with the quarterly reviews and materially misstated annual audits of financial statements. This caused the auditors to not be able to properly do their job, and review the statements. 3. Describe the incentives that created pressure on Nortel to manage earnings. Considering the role of Nortel’s management in this regard, discuss whether it met its corporate governance obligations as discussed in previous chapters. The incentives that drove Nortel to manage its earning where greed of the management team, the pressure to deliver bonuses, the pressure to survive an economic downturn, and the pressure to make the company seem like a good investment to both current and potential investors. In an economic climate of intense competition and corporate greed the management at Nortel fell victim to their vices and allowed the pressure to perform to overwhelm their priorities. This caused them to put their own greed and personal ambition before the well being of the company. Nortel did not meet its corporate governance obligations. It did not follow any internal rules of how to run the business. It ignored any corporate ethics they might have. It lied to stakeholders several times by misstating the financials. They did not follow the professional code of conduct of their careers and also did not follow industry standards. They broke the law. No one inside the company caught the fraud therefore their internal controls where not effective. Each of these immoral acts is a case where corporate governance has failed. 4. The final quote in the case characterizes Nortel’s failure as â€Å"just another casualty of capitalism. Do you agree with this statement? Why or why not? How would you characterize the cause of the failure at Nortel? I would argue that Nortel is not just another casualty of capitalism. Nortel did not function in a system of free market capitalism where the government had absolutely no regulation and let the markets function however they wanted. The capitalism system of North America is more of a mixed economy, which combines public and private ownership of companies, and also provides government regulation and intervention to prevent and deal with fraud. Even in a free market the system is meant to come to an equal balance of supply and demand, which cannot be reached if there is fraud involved since the supply has been inaccurately disclosed by the senior management at Nortel. I would characterize this failure as one of humanity. It was not the economic system that allowed this fraud to take place, but the greed of the people and a social environment that ties success so strongly to wealth. It was the social pressure and the effect of human nature that led to Nortel’s demise. . The case discusses how Nortel’s managers prioritized themselves over the shareholders, which, in part, lead to the company’s failure. What should be a company’s first priority? A company’s first priority should be following their code of ethics. The second priority should be the shareholders, followed by the management and other employees. This hierarchy ensures that all the business that is done with be both moral and legal , meaning there is no room to commit fraud and damage the company. In this way you are putting the shareholders first, because by providing a stable and healthy company the shareholders will see an investment that will be able to reach its highest potential. 6. Was Nortel’s settlement a fair penalty? Should the SEC have imposed harsher or more lenient sanctions? Should these sanctions have been on the managers, on Nortel as a whole, or both? A fair settlement would offer compensation to all those who were hurt by this fraud. Groups that may have been hurt could be shareholders, employees and customers. Deciding what is a fair compensation is a little more difficult, however as much of what these people lost as possible should be returned to them. As for the managers who created the problems and took part in the fraud should face a sentence of termination from their company, loss of license (if applicable) and jail time. The company and the individual managers have both failed stakeholders and should both be held accountable. In the case of Nortel specifically the stockholder settlement goes with these guidelines, as for the managers their trial is still ongoing and therefore no sentenced has been given to them yet.

The Dance Revolution of the 1970’s Essay -- Sociology Culture Essays

The Dance Revolution of the 1970’s Contact improvisation is a modern dance form where two people move while maintaining a connection. It originated from portions of Steve Paxton’s movement studies, which he began in 1972 at Oberlin College. As with every major event that happens in the world, the introduction and investigation of contact improvisation affected everyone in society one way or another. Many people associate the 1970’s as the â€Å"hippie era† in American history. Due to this, the majority of society was open to new ideas. It was the beginning of the sexual revolution and the women’s revolution was just getting underway. Younger members of society were participating in at least one of the numerous Vietnam War Protests, which they organized. They were into â€Å"free love†; they wanted to do away with racism and allow everyone to be treated the same and on the same level. As a result of the vast majority of society and open mindness, Paxton’s ideas in the new movement were accepted. Those who attended performances, also referre...

Security Analysis & Portfolio Management

1. Introduction Before Fama and French question it, most business schools taught their student CAPM is the means of describing the relationship between expected return and risk in stocks. In 1992, Fama and French hade a study on stock market decision factors of differences between stock returns, they found the beta (sensitivity to the market return) of the CAPM cannot explain all the differences between the stock returns, and the market value, book value ratio, p/e ratio of listed companies can explain the differences between the stock returns.The Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) by Sharpe (1964), Lintner (1965), Black (1972), believe that stock returns just relative to the risk of the whole stock market. But in fact, only measures the risk cannot explain all the variation in expect returns, the sensitivity to the market return is more complicated. This article will show the different between Capital Asset Pricing Model and Fama & French Model, and the way to analysis the stock ret urn. 2. Comparison of Value versus Growth Stock 2. 1 Value Stock & Growth StockIn this article, the researchers define the value stock as those stocks that have low ratios of book value to market value, the growth stocks as those that have low ratios of book value to market value. 2. 2 Findings of Value versus Growth Stock on Investing Most investors think the growth stocks can bring a better return, because they think those are good company, and the returns will be high. But the researchers find the growth can bring a better return, the value stocks got a high price by the market, which make their returns be low.In fact, the growth stocks have low ratios of book value to market value, it make the growth stocks get good return. 3. Determinants of stock return Fama and French founding that the market risk factor and the value-growth risk factor can explain average return of this set of large international stocks. The market risk factor is the return on an international market portfol io of stocks, and the value-growth factor is the difference between he return on an international portfolio of high book-to-market stocks and the return on an international portfolio of low book-to-market stocks. 4. Capital Asset Pricing Model vs. Fama & French Model 4. 1 CAMP and Its Importance The CAPM is built on a single measure of risk that explains asset returns. The CAPM helps investors determine how much they will earn by taking into account the risk of investments and the time value of money. With higher risk, the investor will want a higher rate of return for his investment.Although most researcher question CAMP, but this model still used widely in investing. Use beta to forecast single stock is different, but the investors still believe that, when the stocks’ portfolio of beta is small, it means the stock change small than the volatility of the market; when the stocks’ portfolio of beta is large, it means the stock change more than the volatility of the mark et. For the fund managers, this is important, they can use the CAMP, and no matter the market price is rising or falling.When the market price is falling, they can invest the portfolio of beta is low, and vice versa. 4. 2 Fama and French Explanation about Stock Return Compared with the CAMP, Fama and French use more complicated way to explain the stock return. They use three risk factors to design a more perfect model. It often used by the finance professionals to explain the risk and return of equity portfolios. In this model, the beta still is the most important risk factors.The second risk factor is the size, it compare the weighted average market value of stocks in the market. Small stocks have a different activity than big stocks in ever market. In the long run, the big stocks have low returns than small stocks. But this return is not free, the small stock have more risk. The third factor is comparing the amount of value stock exposure in relation to the market. In most compani es, the value stock rend have lower earnings growth rates, higher dividends, and higher book-market value.In the long run, the value have higher return. 4. 3 Implications of the Two Models for Investors This tow models had implications for investors, although the CAPM is not accurate,but it still can help people to get investing idea for the market. First of all, the CAPM thinks the market too simple, it only considers the risk, and there are at least two additional dimensions of risk, no matter it is a domestic or international portfolios of stock, it is get rewarded in average returns.Secondly, another implication is that, it makes the investors believe the value stocks have higher returns than growth stocks in markets around the world. Looking at book-to-market equity, Fama and French found that value stocks outperformed growth stocks in 12 of 13 developed countries from 1975 to 1995, and that the difference between average returns on global portfolios of high and low book-to-mar ket stocks was 7. 6 percent per year. Furthermore, when earnings-to-price, cash flow-to-price and dividend-to-price were examined, the value premium continued to be evident.Conclusion Although the CAPM stills an important mean to describe the relationship between expected return and risk in stocks. But CAPM has some serious flaws, especially with the assumptions of the risk-free rate and the market rate. Investors must consider current market conditions before deciding what numbers to use. Additionally, CAPM ignores taxes and transaction costs, lower returns on higher risk and adequate risk measurement. Fama and French think more about the stock return, this model use more risk factors to analysis the change of the stock price.

Technology Is a Hindrance

In recent times, technological advances have become an absolutely central part of our lives. Technological advances can gain access to various information and entertainment. However, it is said that technology is a hindrance, not a help, to students because they are distracted by technological advances and wasting too much too much time on computer games and other new technology. In my opinion, those technologies are the tool for students to learn and gain access information.Take for example, when we have to do project or homework, we may need to search information, word process the content and present the project by using the computer. There is much information in the internet. When we want to make a birthday cake, we can search the recipe in the internet immediately. You can look up for the dictionary machine instead of the bulky cumbersome dictionary. At school, teachers use the projectors to teach instead of the textbook. Technology is a component of modern education.Without it, students will not learn the skills they need to succeed in a global work environment which is increasingly dependent on new technology. For instance, Students who learn how to make graphs and how to use presentation software will learn some of the skills they need to work in many business environment. Moreover, because of the technology, the relationship between the students and teachers are more closed. If there are any questions that you want to ask the teachers, you can not ask them immediately.Nevertheless, it is not a problem with the technology. You can call or email the teachers to ask for help. Through the technological advances, you can work and learn more effectively can efficiently. All these need the help of technology. However, there are also hindrances for students sometimes. There are many entertainment options such as computer games, television which is easy for students to get distracted. Students may make their time networking, entertaining on those technologies.As a result, they will fine it hard to concentrate in class and lose focus on study easily. Yet, if students use those advances appropriately, will they still waste too much time on websites, networking? If they are self-discipline, it won’t be a hindrance for them. Contrary, they can learn to be self-discipline. Above all, technology does more goods than harms. I think technology is not a hindrance but a help when they have proper time management and a correct attitude to technology.

Effects of Television Viewing on Children Essays

Effects of Television Viewing on Children Essays Effects of Television Viewing on Children Essay Effects of Television Viewing on Children Essay Effects of Television Viewing on Children By: Samaher Abdullah Alhothali ID: 08120223 Course: Research Project ENGL-300 Supervised by: Ms. Yasmin khan YANBU UNIVERSITY COLLEGE, YANBU AL SINAIAH January 2011 Table of content Table of content †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ P2 Table of figures †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦ P3 Outline †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. P4 Preface †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. P5 Methodology †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ P6 Thesis Statement †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢ € ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. P7 Introduction †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ P8 Body P9:17 I . Television.. P9 II. Effects.. P10:16 III. Researchers opinion and Solutions P16:17 Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ p17 References †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. P18 Appendix (Questioner) †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. p19:20 Table of figures Figure I:Q1 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ P10 Figure II:Q2†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. P10 Figure III:Q3 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. P11 Figure IV:Q4 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. P11 Figure V:Q5 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. P12 Figure VI:Q6 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦ P12 Figure VII:Q7 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. P13 Figure VIII:Q8 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. P13 Figure IX:Q9 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. P14 Figure X:Q10 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦P14 Outline: I. Television A. How it can affect ones behaviour B. Response of children II. Effects A. Data Analysis / Discussion B. Negative effects 1. Behaviour of children 2. Brain development C. Positive effects III. Researchers opinion and Solutions A. Researchers opinion (Myself) B. Solutions Preface Concern about children and popular media has a long history. We cannot ignore the fact that TV does a negative and positive effect . In this paper I will focus on inter-relationships between the viewing on TV programs and the behaviour in children according to questionnaire distributed to 93 Saudi-educated parents. Also, I wish to thank my teacher who taught us how to search, collect and organize the information for the purpose of providing a nice research paper. This paper aims to show the: Effects of television on children aged 2 to 14. * Possible solutions to control television viewing. In knowing these, this paper hopes to be of help to parents/guardians in guiding their children. Methodology My initial step of this paper was to carry out literacy  research in my chosen topic. Secondly, as a means of carrying out my own research I compiled a  questionnaire. Thirdly, I started collect s ource cards in week 4 , and I finished in week 8. Finally, I collated the results of the questionnaire and produced  graphs to display the evidence. My main approach to this paper is qualitative. Thesis Statement: Although the television serves as a form of entertainment, when you abuse its use, and make it a habit to watch, it gives negative effects on the behaviour of children ,and in their brain’s development. Keywords: Saudi, Parents, Children, Television. I. Introduction One day, there was a student who was busy thinking about her research topic ,suddenly she remembered her younger brother who is fond of watching television and observed that he was imitating what he sees on television. He follows the different behaviours he sees and even the negative ones. She noticed the various behaviours since her brother was just about 3 years old. In that year, the hit show catering to toddlers, Teletubbies, was at its peak. Her brother began speaking the language the Teletubbies speak. Their mother also was worried that her son would talk so much like those television characters he always watch on television ;therefore, She was alarmed when she noticed this and she decided to conduct a study about the effects of television viewing on children and hopefully be able to help parents to control their children’s television viewing and help them avoid its negative effects. Children nowadays as compared before are more exposed to different types of media particularly on the television. They spend most of their time in front of their television sets rather than in reading books, doing their home works and mingling with other people etc. Although the television serves as a form of entertainment, when you abuse its use, and make it a habit to watch, it gives negative effects on the behaviour of children ,and in their brain’s development. I aim to discover a realistic outcome that will be able to help children to handle their time, behaviour and outlook in life. Body I. Television A. How it can affect one’s behaviour Television has its good and bad sides. Programs with positive role models can nfluence people to change their behaviour for the better. However, negative role models can influence people particularly the children to change their behaviour for the worse. Kids are likely to learn things from television that their parents, don’t want them to learn. Television can affect children’s academic performance and behaviour. B. Response of children According to a book named AACAP 2001 (American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry) , television viewing is a major influence to children. Children usually watch television for an average time of three to four hours a day. As they grow older, their time of watching television increases and it affects their performance in school. Television can entertain and can be informative, but it can also influence children undesirable behaviour. Although parents are keenly aware that media can affect their children, almost all of them are not aware that it’s becoming dangerous . While television has developed over the years, it became one of our useful ways to access, it also has an unpleasant results of being able to alter and negatively affect people. As you can see, if your child is conventional, television is playing a huge position in their life. II. Effects A. Data Analysis / Discussion Here I will mention their answers according to the questionnaire (Refer appendix). Q1: 72. 73% of the parents said their children spend 4 hours or more in watch TV, 18. 18% of them said their children spend from 1 hour to 3 hours in watch TV, 9. 09% of them said their children not watching TV, and it is illustrated by Figure I . Figure I: Q1 Q2: 64. 29% said they disagree ,28. 57% said they agree ,7. 14% said they do not know, and it is illustrated by Figure II. Figure II: Q2 Q3: 78. 57% said they disagree ,14. 29% said they agree ,7. 14% said they do not know, and it is illustrated by Figure III. Figure III: Q3 Q4: 85. 71%said they agree ,14. 29% said they disagree, and it is illustrated by Figure IV. Figure IV: Q4 Q5:92. 86% said they agree ,7. 14% said they do not know, and it is illustrated by Figure V. Figure V:Q5 Q6: 71. 43% of the parents said from age 6 to 10 , 28. 57% of them said from age 2 to 3, and no one said that their children not watching TV ,and it is illustrated by Figure VI. Figure VI:Q6 Q7: 71. 43% of the parents said calm children during the viewing, 14. 29% of them said belief that it is working on expand their knowledge and culture,14. 29% of them said nothing only to meet their demands, and it is illustrated by Figure VII. Figure VII:Q7 Q8: 57. 14% of the parents said from 1 to 2, 28. 57% of them said from 3 to 5, 14. 29% of them said more than 5 TVs in the house, and it is illustrated by Figure VIII. Figure VIII:Q8 Q9: : 64. 29% of the parents said sometimes, 21. 43% of them said rarely, 14. 29% of them said always , and it is illustrated by Figure IX. Figure IX. :Q9 Q10: 50% said they agree , 28. 57% said they do not know ,21. 43% said they disagree , and it is illustrated by Figure X. Figure X: Q10 B. Negative effects 1. Behaviour of children I made an interview last month with Khan Yasmin. I asked her: What is your opinion about   negative effects of television on childrens behaviour ? She answered, Today’s generation is our future . To build our future we need role models. We need to communicate our traditions, our values and our culture, can we do that? Especially when a child is in her/his own world of fantasy (TV). The foundation of tomorrow’s civilization is our children today. Can we name any program our children interested in, have role models? Consequently, children discover ethical ideology from the television, where by the age of 16 they view violence acts , murders, and cases of injustice and so on. We have given the responsibilities of brining up our kids on the shoulders of somebody else. Based on the interview it is clearly seen that we have to change our habits in bringing up our children. We should modify our use of TELEVISIONS. It is a tool with two ends. So, it depends on us how to use it. 2. Brain development Television has its negative and positive effects. But children are more exposed to the negative effects because as mentioned, their brains are still developing that’s why they don’t know what is right and what is wrong. Here are some negative effects of television. First, is that excessive television viewing can lead to poor performance in school. Because children are addicted to watching television, sometimes they are becoming lazy to do their homework and study for a quiz or a test. In result, they can have poor grades. Second, they can learn things that their parents don’t want them to learn like shows filled with stereotypes, television shows presenting violence, and mean behaviour. Lastly, children can see characters smoking, and drinking. By seeing this things, children can think that this acts are good or just normal and they may imitate it. C. Positive effects After knowing the negative effects of television, let us now move on to the positive effects. First, it can be informative to children. They can learn things about the environment, how to solve math problems etc. Second, it can be form of entertainment. Children can watch television when they are bored and nothing to do at home. When they are watching television it is like their recreation time. Lastly, with the use of the television they can insert or plug video games that they can play with so that they can relax and have fun with their family and friends. III. Researchers opinion and Solutions A. Researchers opinion (Myself) It is the time to know what the researchers opinion is. Television became dear friend for children. These days they prefer it more than friends. According to my questionnaire, I found strong relationship between children and television. The questionnaire showed that 80% of the children regardless of gender and age watching television daily , also showed that 72. 73% of children aged between 2 14 years are watching television four hours or perhaps more per a day (Figure I ). Television programs like a sharp knife, so we can get some benefit, in contrast we can get damage . However television programs can be help to development of knowledge and awareness of the world, which also helps children to education and entertainment. also they found it a source of fun and comfort. All these are Possible if the television programs were managed by educated people. In addition, television plays a very important role in the upbringing of children. Nevertheless, there are many negative aspects of televisions; many journalists, doctors, teachers and sociologists often take a negative attitude towards television programs. Yes, television is a good instrument, but on the other hand ,it is a danger encouraging bad habits and negative qualities in the childs personality. B. Solutions In helping parents guide their children in responsible television viewing, here are some suggestions in which they can do so: lay down limits in the viewing time, spend time to bond with your children, resort to reading books and other written materials, be aware of the programs that they’re watching and evaluate the shows and commercials they view and most especially, set a good example and serve as the role model for your children to follow. Conclusion In conclusion, the bad effect of television on children is greater than the good. Also, with the fast paced life and modern technology, parents nowadays unconsciously and unintentionally fail to monitor what television really brings to their children. With commonly both parents busy at work and children left at home watching television, a concerted effort should be considered in order to create discipline and let children gain the positive results of television. References Anderson Daniel, Leoin Stepen ,and Lorch Elizabeth ( The effects of TV program pacing on the behavior of preschool children) Department of psychology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01002. AVCR VOL. 25,NO. 2,SUMMER 1977. * Children and Television Wikipedia Encyclopaedia . 15Sep. 2010 Online. * Children and Watching TV AACAP Facts for Families #52. (2001). Retrieved 25/11/2010. * David B. Pruitt , Your Child , Herper Collins publishers, New York:1995. * Huston, A. C. (1998). (Television and the Informational and Educational Needs of Children). Annals of the American Academy of Political Social Science, 557, 9-23. kidsource. com/kidsource/content/TV. viewing. html (25/11/2010) (What Do Parents Need To Know About Childrens Television Viewing). November 1993. ERIC Clearinghouse on Elementary and Early Childhood Education. 5 January 2009. * med. umich. edu/yourchild/topics/tv. htm (16/11/2010) Boyse Kyla (Television and Children). * allacademic. com//meta/p_mla_apa_research_citation/1/1/2/7/2/pages112729/p112729-1. php Authors: Koolstra, Cees (Viewing behaviour of children and TV guidance by parents: A comparison of parent and child reports). * http://kidshealth. rg/parent/positive/family/tv_affects_child. html (25/11/2010) (How TV Affects Your Child). * Kalam Nwaem Slamah Foziah, Channel :MBC 1, Lebanon, 14 Sep. 2006. Appendix (Questioner) : Q1How many hours spent by your child or your brothers every day to watch television? from 1 hour to 3 hours. 4 hours or more. Not w atching television. Q2 Disadvantages of watching TV for children more than the advantages? I agree. I disagree. I do not know. Q3 The main reason to watch the children to the television is the lack of people around them? I agree. I disagree. I do not know. Q4 TV affects the academic achievement of the child? I agree. I disagree. I do not know. Q5 Children imitate what they see on television? I agree. I disagree. I do not know. Q6 Children are attracted to TV, especially cartoons from age: 2 to 5. 6 to 10. 11 to 14. Q7 The most important reasons why parents leave their children in front of the television: Calm children during the viewing. Belief that it is working on expand their knowledge and culture. Nothing ,Only to meet their demands. Q8 How many TVs in your house? 1-2    3-5 +5 Q9 TV affects the sleep times of my child: Always. Sometimes. Rarely. Q10 TV makes my child violent ? I agree    I disagree I do not know

The Ultimate AP US History Study Guide

The Ultimate AP US History Study Guide SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Studying for AP US History is an exercise in memorization and critical thinking. Multiple-choice questions in this course will ask you to read and analyze documents based on your historical knowledge. Essay questions require similar skills, but with the added challenge of synthesizing your ideas into a coherent argument that incorporates outside knowledge and evidence presented by the test. In this AP US History study guide, I'll give you all the resources and strategies you need to prepare for not only the AP exam, but any test that comes your way in this course! What’s the Purpose of This AP US History Study Guide? This guide will help you prepare for the AP test and other assessments you encounter throughout the school year.It includes instructions for creating an effective study plan, some useful study tips, an overview of the content covered in the course, and a list of resources for practice questions.This is a one-stop-shop for all the information you need to master the material covered in AP US History. Creating a Study Plan for AP US History You should start studying sooner rather than later for this test because there’s so much information to remember.Ideally, you’ll build on knowledge throughout the year and regularly review to avoid forgetting earlier parts of the course.I’d recommend doing a holistic review after each in-class exam that covers everything you’ve learned up to that point.Begin your final review for the AP test in March or April so you have a month or two to spread out your studying. Here's an essential step-by-step prep process that I recommend for the test: Step 1: Take a Full Practice Test (3 Hours 15 Minutes) The first step is to take a practice test under realistic conditions. Time yourself in accordance with the real AP test, and write out both essays completely. Put a mark next to any multiple-choice questions that required you to guess - it's important to go over this information later even if you happen to guess correctly.When you’re done, score the test to see how well you would do on the real AP exam if you took it right now. Depending on how much you're hoping to improve your score, you may have to budget in more or less study time.If you’re already scoring close to a 5 (or a low 5), you might complete these steps once and find that you’re satisfied with your results (about a 10-12 hour commitment).If you’re scoring two or more AP points lower than you would like, however; you should probably plan to go through this process several times. Step 2: Catalog Your Mistakes and Guesses (1 Hour) After you score the test, go through your mistakes and lucky guesses.Try to categorize the mistakes by content area so you can see patterns and determine which parts of the course you need to study most.Once you’ve identified what you need to study, you can move on to reviewing the actual content.Make a list in descending order of the topics that correspond to the highest number of missed multiple-choice questions and missed points on essay/short answer questions. Step 3: Study Relevant Content Areas and Practice Multiple Choice Questions (2 Hours) Use the list you made in the previous step to guide your review of the content.Start with the areas where you just need a little refresher, and work your way up to the big issues you had on the diagnostic test.When you’re satisfied that you’ve fixed the gaps in knowledge that led to your errors, you should do some practice multiple-choice questions to make sure you really know your stuff (find them in review books or on one of the sites listed later in this article!). Step 4: Practice Planning and Writing Essays (2 Hours) You need to practice writing essays before you take the test so that you feel comfortable with the time constraints and requirements.This is especially true when it comes to the document-based question, which has a unique format.After examining the problems with your essays from the original diagnostic test, practice your skills on additional free-response questions.For the sake of saving time, you don’t necessarily need to write out entire essays, but you should at least make rough outlines that include all the components of a successful essay.That being said, if you struggled a lot with time on the initial test, I would recommend going through another timed free-response section in full so that you can practice moving more quickly. Step 5: Take a Second Full Practice Test (3 Hours 15 Minutes) After you’ve gotten more familiar with the material, take a second full practice test to assess your progress.If you find that you’ve improved to a satisfactory level, you might stop there and just do light review until the exam.If you’re still not happy with your results, repeat this process, and make sure you’re really absorbing the material as you study.The next section will give you some more tips for studying effectively! Always time practice tests to the specifications of the AP exam! You have to get used to thinking and writing quickly. AP US History Study Tips These tips will help you get the most out of your time as you go through the process outlined in the previous section. This exam assesses your historical knowledge in a different way than other tests you may have taken in the past. Make sure your study methods lend themselves to the format! Tip #1: Make Thematic Connections The ultimate goal of AP US History is for you to be able to connect individual events to the main themes of the course and draw conclusions about historical trends based on your analysis.As you study, don’t just look at events in isolation.Examine how they relate to other events of the time and how they might have resulted from different cultural and political attitudes.What were the outcomes of particular events and how and why did they feed into different, larger trends?Ask yourself to dig deeper. Thiswill help you on in-class assessments and the AP test. Tip #2: Read and Repeat When you read content notes for AP US History, you may think you have a fact committed to memory but forget it when it comes up on a test. Pause every couple of minutes, and try to remember the facts that you just reviewed without looking back at your notes. You’ll know immediately if you’re not absorbing the information.If you’re having trouble remembering a particular fact, try to make a distinctive connection with something else that's easier to remember. For example, let’s say you were trying to remember which items were taxed by the Townshend Acts.It was glass, lead, paint, paper, and tea. You could think of the mnemonic GuLPP iT to remember them.It also makes sense because all of the taxes were repealed except for the one on tea, which you can gulp!I know this sounds super weird, but I find the weirder the method of remembering something, the more likely it is to stick in your mind. Tip #3: Practice Writing Essay Questions The free-response section is the biggest challenge on the AP exam because you have to plan and write two coherent essays over the course of less than two hours.It’s imperative that you do lots of practice before the test to prevent your essays from being disorganized or lacking in focus.You can consult the College Board site for links to past AP US History free-response questions. Make sure you always have a strong thesis statement and all the points in your essay relate directly back to it.Plan out your essay before you start writing to keep yourself on track.Try to include relevant outside knowledge, but ONLY if it pertains directly to your argument and the subject of the question. Don’t just spew out everything you know about the topic! Write your practice essays in illegible cursive with a fountain pen. It's what the founding fathers would have wanted. Themes in AP US History AP US History covers history in what is now the United States from 1491 to the present.There are seven main themes (covering 19 different learning objectives) in the course that connect events throughout this 500+ year period.For each of these themes, I’ll briefly go over the skills you're expected to master so you can study strategically: Theme 1: American and National Identity Explain how ideas of democracy, freedom, and individualism factored into the development of American political institutions, cultural values, and identity. Explain how various interpretations of the Constitution and debates over which rights are granted to which groups have affected American society and politics. Analyze how American national identity changed with US involvement in international conflicts and the expansion of the country. Analyze relationships between different regional, social, and ethnic groups in the US, and explain how their various experiences relate to the country’s national identity. Theme 2: Politics and Power Explain how and why political ideas and institutions have developed and changed over time. Explain how reform groups and other activists have sought to change American society and institutions. Explain how differing views on the role of the federal government in the social and economic lives of Americans have impacted political debates and policies. Theme 3: Work, Exchange, and Technology Explain the development of labor systems and how they have impacted the lives of US workers and society as a whole. Explain how patterns of exchange, markets, and private businesses have developed, and analyze governmental responses to economic issues. Analyze how technology has impacted economic development and society as a whole. Theme 4: Culture and Society Explain how religious groups and ideas have affected American politics and society. Explain how artistic, philosophical, and scientific ideas have developed and shaped society and institutions. Explain how ideas about gender roles and women’s rights have affected society and politics. Explain how different group identities (ethnic, racial, class, regional) have emerged and changed over time. Theme 5: Migration and Settlement Explain the causes of migration to colonial America and, later, the US, and analyze the effects of immigration on US History. Analyze patterns of internal migration and settlement in what would become the US and how this has impacted American life. Theme 6: Geography and the Environment Explain how geographic and environmental factors have shaped the development of communities in the US and analyze how debates about natural resources have impacted group interactions and government policy. Theme 7: America in the World Explain how different types of interactions between empires, nations, and peoples have influenced political, social, and economic developments in North America. Analyze the reasons for and results of US diplomatic, economic, and military initiatives elsewhere in the world. Look at all these themes! It's like being at a theme park minus the scents of fried food and despair! Also, I HIGHLY doubt this roller coastercould pass a safety inspection. AP US History Content: Notes and Outlines Now, I’ll give you notes on the course content so that you can study the facts and connect them to the themes and learning objectives!The content is divided into nine different historical periods.Under each, I will list important topics with links to notes. Every period also includes a link to at least one timeline of significant events. I think it's helpful to have these handy so you get a better grasp of the chronology (which will be very helpful on free-response questions). The timelines are from APstudynotes.org, and the rest of the notes are from a different site called APnotes.net. I choose to source the notes from the second site because it gives a more succinct overview of the content, with key dates and major events bolded. It's good for a quick review. I'd recommend looking at the chapter outlines on APstudynotes.org if you want to see a longer, more detailed description of historical trends and events. Period 1: 1491-1607 Timeline of Significant Events â€Å"New World† beginnings Early English settlement Period 2: 1607-1754 Timeline of Significant Events Settlement of the Northern colonies Colonial society leading up to the Revolution The fight for control of North America Period 3: 1754-1800 Timeline of Significant Events (1750-1775) The road to the American Revolution Timeline of Significant Events (1775-1800) Seceding from the British Empire The Confederation and the Constitution Starting up a new government Period 4: 1800-1848 Timeline of Significant Events (1800-1825) The Jeffersonian Republic Nationalism and the second war for independence Formation of a national economy Timeline of Significant Events (1825-1850) The rise of a mass democracy The ferment of reform and culture Controversy over slavery Period 5: 1844-1877 Timeline of Significant Events Manifest destiny and its legacy The sectional struggle Leading up to the Civil War Civil War Part 1 Civil War Part 2 Reconstruction Period 6: 1865-1898 Timeline of Significant Events Politics in the Gilded Age Industrial progress Development of cities Agricultural revolution and the West American imperialism Period 7: 1890-1945 Timeline of Significant Events (1900-1920) America on the world stage Progressivism and Theodore Roosevelt’s presidency Wilsonian progressivism at home and abroad World War I Timeline of Significant Events (1920-1945) The Roaring Twenties Economic Boom and Bust The Great Depression and the New Deal FDR Presidency and the Road to WW2 World War II Period 8: 1945-1980 Timeline of Significant Events (1940-1960) Start of the Cold War Eisenhower Era Timeline of Significant Events (1960-1970) Political and social unrest in the sixties Timeline of Significant Events (1970-1980) Stagnation in the seventies Period 9: 1980-Present Timeline of Significant Events (1980-1990) Resurgence of Conservatism Timeline of Significant Events (1990-2000) Clinton presidency and post-Cold War era Timeline of Significant Events (2000-Present) The start of the new century Quick Reference Sheets: APUSH Teacher Creations: Interactive timeline of major historical events in the US through 2015 Full study guide with terms CourseNotes: Political parties in US History Important political documents in US History Important Supreme Court cases Spacious skies, amber waves of grain, etc. Resources to Test Your Knowledge Here some print and online resources that you can use to review for the AP test and smaller portions of the curriculum throughout the year: Review Books A few books we recommend are: Cracking the AP US History Exam Kaplan AP US History 2016 AP US History Crash Course Read the full article on the best review books for APUSH for more details! Official College Board Materials These practice questions come directly from the College Board, so they're the most accurate representations of what you can expect on the real test. Try to save these resources for later in your studying so you can get an accurate reading on your strengths and weaknesses when you're close to the exam. FRQs 2001-2015 2015 Practice Exam 1996 Official Released Exam Unofficial Practice Materials Quizlet Flashcards and QuizzesThese are student-created sets of flashcards that cover every aspect of AP US History.You can study different sets depending on where you are in the course or which areas need the most improvement.After you study the terms, you can play games to review them and test your factual recall! Mini Practice Quizzes for AP US History You’ll find practice quizzes for every topic covered in the course here.There are multiple choice questions and, for some topics, â€Å"short answer† questions (you’re given a drop-down menu of 12 answer choices).These won’t help much with the more analytical elements of the test, but if you want to test your knowledge of facts, they'll serve you well. Learnerator AP US History Practice Quizzes This is a series of quizzes on every topic in the curriculum.As you go through them, the site will display stats detailing how you fared on questions of varying difficulty levels.This should help you figure out whether you’ve mastered the material. GetaFive AP US History Course You can sign up for free for this service and enroll in the AP US History course.There are lots of practice questions and video lessons that may be helpful in your studying. Practice Quizzes for The American Pageant 12th Edition This site has chapter-by-chapter practice quizzes organized around an old edition of The American Pageant textbook.Questions are multiple choice and true-false.Again, this is more helpful for factual recall than for analysis questions. CourseNotes Practice Quizzes for AP US History This site has six pages of multiple-choice quizzes on all the topics you need to know for the exam! Varsity Tutors AP US History Practice Quizzes Varsity Tutors has short multiple-choice practice quizzes on every topic as well. Matching and Multiple Choice Short Practice Quizzes This site has sets of matching and multiple choice questions for every period in US History. They've got questions; YOU'VE got answers! Conclusion AP US History covers seven major themes across nine periods. It's hard to study this much material, which is why it's good to have a game plan! To recap, the steps I'd recommend you take in your studying are: Step 1: Take a Full Practice Test Step 2: Catalog Your Mistakes Step 3: Study Relevant Content Areas and Practice Multiple-Choice Questions Step 4: Practice Planning and Writing Essays Step 5: Take a Second Full Practice Test You can repeat these steps as necessary depending on how much you need to improve! As you review, also keep a few key tips in mind: Tip #1: Make Thematic Connections Tip #2: Read and Repeat Tip #3: Practice Writing Essays Frequently Use the notes provided in the content overview and the resources in the last section to get yourself up to speed. Start studying for the final exam at least one or two months beforehand, so you aren't forced to cram! What's Next? Want more practice for document-based questions? We wrote a whole article on the best resources for document-based questions that you can use in your studying. Are you applying to colleges that recommend or require submission of Subject Test scores? Read this article to learn more about the differences between AP tests and SAT Subject Tests. You can also check out our complete study guide to the SAT US History Subject Test.If you take it right after the AP US History exam, you might not need to study much at all! Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now: